Stimuli-Responsive Materials
Materials that respond to temperature, light, pH, magnetic or electric fields.
Modelling the thermo-mechanical responses and shape recovery performance of particle-reinforced shape memory polymer composites in cold and hot programming
A study focused on modeling thermo-mechanical behavior and shape recovery of particle-reinforced shape-memory polymer composites when programmed in cold versus hot conditions.
Mobility-Driven Design of PDMS-Modified Glassy Polymer Networks for Thermally Activated Shape Memory in Vat Photopolymerization
By tuning PDMS-MMA mobility segments and switching monomer chemistry in photocurable networks, the study achieves thermally activated shape-memory behavior suitable for vat photopolymerization 4D printing.
FUTURE OF 4D PRINTING IN SOFT ROBOTICS AND INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION
A 2015–2025 review synthesizes how 4D printing with stimulus-responsive materials enables programmable, adaptive soft robotics and intelligent automation, while highlighting remaining barriers to translation.
Recent progress in 4D printing: materials, methods and applications
This review synthesizes how 4D printing couples additive methods with stimulus-responsive materials—especially shape-memory polymers—to achieve programmed, time-dependent shape and property changes, while noting reliability and scalability
Current 3D Printing and Developed 4D Printing Technologies in Dentistry
The record reviews how 4D printing with stimuli-responsive smart materials could enable adaptive, time-evolving dental devices, though translation to routine practice still needs further research.
Function, Complexity and Thermodynamics in Adaptive and Intelligent Soft Matter Systems: An Information-Theoretical Framework
An information-channel framework quantifies responsive, adaptive, and intelligent soft matter using three metrics and benchmark planes tied to thermodynamics and noise.
Anomalous thermal and elastic properties of an epitaxial NiTi film exhibiting R-phase
Transient grating spectroscopy tracks how an epitaxial NiTi film’s shear moduli and thermal diffusivity change across an austenite–R-phase–martensite cycle, suggesting R-phase-driven thermal switching.
Geometric memory in incomplete phase transitions across dimensions
A nucleation-and-growth model with incomplete reversion produces a geometric memory in plate-size distributions, with stronger memory in 2D than in 3D or lamellar geometries.
Solvent‐Responsive Shape Memory Porous Semicrystalline Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Porous semicrystalline TPU made by salt-leaching can recover shape in ethyl acetate, with solvent-driven changes in amorphous mobility and partial crystalline dissolution improving recovery while preserving mechanical properties.
Thermo-mechanically coupled phase-field fracture model considering elastocaloric effect of shape memory alloy
A coupled phase-field fracture model for Mn-Cu shape memory alloys incorporates elastocaloric thermal strain from martensitic transformation to simulate crack growth and thermally assisted toughening.
Multimaterial 4D printing of adaptive and reconfigurable auxetic metastructures
Multimaterial 4D printing with PLA/PCL enables auxetic metastructures whose geometry–material coupling yields tunable mechanics, energy absorption, and thermally induced reconfigurability.
4D Printing in Biomedical Implants and Functional Healthcare Devices
A review of biomedical 4D printing that links stimuli-responsive material platforms to programmed, time-dependent actuation for implants, drug delivery, and adaptive wearables.
Light-activated gel could impact wearables, soft robotics, and more
A light-activated, biocompatible soft gel is reported to dramatically change its conductivity, supporting ionotronics-style interfaces for wearables and soft robotics.
Thermomechanical Modelling and Shape Prediction in 4D Printing Using FEA
A thermomechanical FEA approach is used to simulate and plan shape morphing in 4D-printed two-layer and more complex structures.
The role of polyelectrolyte brushes in tunable synaptic devices
Polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit synaptic behavior, offering insights for developing low-power memory storage devices.
Shape Memory Polymers: An Overview
This review systematically surveys shape-memory polymer composites and their thermally, solvent, light, electrically, and magnetically induced response mechanisms, highlighting key design strategies and remaining challenges.
Shape-morphing greenhouse: design of a thermally responsive transparent 4D-printed structure
A proof-of-concept transparent 4D-printed PLA greenhouse structure was tested for thermally driven shape-morphing ventilation using bio-inspired mechanisms, showing concept potential but material and structural limits.
Revolutionizing Personalized Medicine with 4D Printing in Drug Delivery
4D printing uses dynamic materials that change with temperature, humidity, and pH to enable environment- and body-signal–dependent, personalized drug delivery.
Applications and Research of 4D Printing in Material Design
4D printing integrates smart materials into additive manufacturing so cured parts can undergo programmable, stimulus-driven shape and functionality changes over time.
Thiadiazole-Based Stimuli-Responsive Organic Receptors for Smart Biomaterial Applications
The study presents a thiadiazole-based receptor that shows promise for colorimetric sensing in smart biomaterials.
Development and in vitro evaluation of borax cross-linked tamarind seed polysaccharide hydrogel films as an antioxidant and self-healing material for wound healing
A borax-cross-linked tamarind seed polysaccharide hydrogel film shows antioxidant activity and rapid self-healing, with in vitro hemocompatibility for wound dressing use.
Exploring 4D Printing Technology for Biomedical Applications
The editorial argues that adding a time dimension to 3D printing via stimuli-responsive materials enables dynamic, personalized biomedical devices such as adaptive implants and controlled drug-release hydrogel capsules.
Machine learning-guided tuning of shape memory behavior in 4D-printed single-layer elastomer strip
Machine learning-guided optimization of 4D-printed PU/Eudragit S100/MTZ elastomer strips enables strong mechanical performance and high shape recovery for pH-responsive, site-specific drug delivery.
Fluorescent Shape Memory Polymer with Dynamic Aggregation-Induced Emission Cross-Linking: Visualization and Prediction of Shape Memory Performance
A fluorescent shape-memory polymer is designed with dynamic aggregation-induced emission cross-linking to enable visualization and prediction of its shape-memory performance.